Introduction:
In the ever-evolving landscape of reproductive technologies, Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing (PGT) has emerged as a groundbreaking tool that empowers prospective parents to make informed decisions about their fertility journey. PGT allows for the screening of embryos before implantation, providing valuable insights into their genetic makeup. This process significantly enhances the chances of a successful pregnancy while minimizing the risk of passing on genetic disorders to the offspring. This blog aims to delve into the various facets of PGT, with a focus on its three main types: PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR.

PGT-A (Aneuploidy Screening):
PGT-A, formerly known as Pre-Implantation Genetic Screening (PGS), is a type of pre-implantation genetic testing that primarily focuses on screening embryos for aneuploidy – an abnormal number of chromosomes. Aneuploidy is a leading cause of implantation failure and miscarriages. PGT-A helps identify embryos with the correct number of chromosomes, increasing the likelihood of a successful pregnancy.

The procedure involves the biopsy of a few cells from the outer layer of the developing embryo, known as the trophectoderm. These cells are then analyzed to determine the chromosomal status of the embryo. By selecting embryos with the correct chromosome count, PGT-A aids in minimizing the risk of chromosomal abnormalities and improves the chances of a healthy pregnancy.

PGT-M (Monogenic Disorder Screening):
PGT-M, or Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD), is a specialized form of PGT that focuses on detecting specific genetic mutations or monogenic disorders. Couples with a known family history of genetic diseases can opt for PGT-M to reduce the likelihood of passing these conditions on to their children.

During PGT-M, a trophectoderm biopsy is performed on the embryo, and the DNA is examined for the presence of the specific genetic mutation in question. This method enables prospective parents to choose embryos that do not carry the targeted genetic disorder, ensuring a higher chance of a healthy pregnancy and birth.

PGT-SR (Structural Rearrangement Screening):
PGT-SR, also known as Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis for Structural Rearrangements, is designed for couples where one or both partners have structural chromosomal abnormalities. These abnormalities may include translocations, inversions, or deletions, which can increase the risk of infertility or recurrent miscarriages.

In PGT-SR, embryos are screened for these structural rearrangements to identify those that are chromosomally normal or carry a balanced form of the rearrangement. This helps in selecting embryos with a higher chance of successful implantation and reduces the risk of miscarriage or developmental issues.

Conclusion:

Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing, with its various types - PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR, has revolutionized the field of reproductive medicine by offering a proactive approach to family planning. These technologies not only enhance the chances of a successful pregnancy but also empower individuals and couples to make informed decisions about their reproductive health.

As research and technology continue to advance, the landscape of PGT will likely evolve, offering even more precise and effective methods for screening and selecting embryos. With the promise of healthier pregnancies and the prevention of genetic disorders, PGT stands at the forefront of reproductive technologies, shaping the future of fertility treatments.