Embarking on the journey to parenthood can be both exciting and challenging. For couples facing difficulties conceiving naturally, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) stands as a beacon of hope. 
Who Are the Candidates for IVF?
1. Couples with Unexplained Infertility:
• When traditional fertility investigations yield no conclusive results, IVF can be a viable option.
2. Fallopian Tube Issues:
• Women with blocked or damaged fallopian tubes may opt for IVF, as it bypasses the need for the tubes in the natural conception process.
3. Male Infertility:
• In cases where the male partner has low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or abnormal sperm morphology, IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be recommended.
4. Ovulatory Disorders:
• Women with irregular ovulation patterns or hormonal imbalances may benefit from IVF, as it involves controlled ovarian stimulation.
5. Endometriosis:
• IVF is often considered for couples where the female partner has endometriosis, a condition that can affect fertility.
Investigations Prior to IVF:
1. Hormonal Assessments:
• Blood tests to evaluate hormone levels, including FSH, LH, estradiol, and AMH, provide insights into ovarian function.
2. Semen Analysis:
• A comprehensive analysis of the male partner's sperm is crucial to determine its quality and quantity.
3. Ovarian Reserve Testing:
• This includes assessments such as antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian ultrasound to evaluate the quantity and quality of a woman's eggs.
4. Hysterosalpingogram (HSG):
• An X-ray procedure to check for blockages in the fallopian tubes and abnormalities in the uterine cavity.
5. Genetic Screening:
• Both partners may undergo genetic testing to identify any hereditary conditions that could impact the success of IVF or the health of the future child.
Steps of IVF:
1. Ovarian Stimulation:
• The woman is administered fertility medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs.
2. Egg Retrieval:
• When the eggs are mature, a minor surgical procedure is performed to retrieve them from the ovaries.
3. Sperm Collection:
• The male partner provides a sperm sample, which is then processed in the laboratory.
4. Fertilization:
• The eggs and sperm are combined in a controlled environment to facilitate fertilization. In cases of male infertility, ICSI may be employed.
5. Embryo Culture:
• The fertilized eggs are monitored as they develop into embryos over several days.
6. Embryo Transfer:
• The healthiest embryos are selected and transferred into the woman's uterus.
7. Luteal Phase Support:
• Hormonal medications are prescribed to support the uterine lining and embryo implantation.
8. Pregnancy Test:
• A blood test is conducted to determine if the IVF procedure has resulted in a successful pregnancy.
 In Vitro Fertilization has transformed the landscape of fertility treatment, offering hope to couples facing challenges in conceiving naturally. By understanding the candidacy criteria, undergoing essential investigations, and following the step-by-step process of IVF, individuals can make informed decisions on their path to parenthood. Always consult with a fertility specialist to explore the most suitable options tailored to your unique circumstances.
Dr Anupma Chopra